Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia
Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia (FSE) is a sporadic disease affecting both young and adult sheep. It is caused by the absorption of small quantities of epsilon toxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D. This condition is often associated with changes in diet or management practices that affect the intestinal flora of the sheep.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Focal Symmetrical Encephalomalacia 🩺
Sheep affected by FSE may exhibit signs such as separation from the flock, wandering, and loss of appetite. As the disease progresses, the sheep may become ataxic, lie quietly in lateral recumbency, and show signs of nystagmus, paddling, and convulsions. Eventually, the sheep may drift into a coma and die. Diagnosis is primarily based on histological examination of the brain, where characteristic lesions such as perivascular edema and hemorrhages are observed.
Treatment 💊
Unfortunately, there is no effective treatment for FSE once clinical signs have developed. The rapid progression of the disease often makes treatment impractical. In cases where sheep are observed alive, the damage to the body systems is usually irreversible.
Prevention 🛡️
Prevention of FSE is best achieved through vaccination. Vaccination helps to control the levels of C. perfringens type D in the intestinal tract, reducing the risk of toxin absorption. Additionally, management practices such as avoiding sudden changes in diet and ensuring a gradual introduction to new feeds can help minimize the risk of outbreaks.