Foot and Mouth Disease

Foot and Mouth Disease

Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects all cloven-hoofed animals, including sheep. It's a notifiable disease, meaning it must be reported to authorities if suspected. The disease is caused by a virus from the Aphthovirus genus and is known for causing painful blisters in the mouth and on the hooves of affected animals. FMD can spread rapidly through direct contact with infected animals or indirectly via contaminated equipment, clothing, or vehicles.

Symptoms and Diagnosis of Foot and Mouth 🩺

In sheep, the symptoms of FMD can vary widely. The most common signs include sudden and severe lameness, reluctance to stand, and a tendency to lie down more than usual. During the lambing season, high numbers of stillbirths, abortions, and lambs dying shortly after birth can occur. Ewes may also be reluctant to allow lambs to suckle.

Sheep rarely develop visible blisters in their mouths, but small blisters on the hooves are more common, though often difficult to see. Diagnosis is typically based on clinical signs and laboratory tests to identify the virus serotype.

Treatment 💊

Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment for FMD. The disease is managed by culling affected and susceptible animals on infected premises to prevent further spread. This is a crucial step in controlling outbreaks and is often accompanied by strict movement controls and biosecurity measures.

Prevention 🛡️

Preventing FMD involves maintaining high biosecurity standards to avoid introducing the virus to a flock. This includes disinfecting equipment and vehicles, controlling animal movements, and ensuring that clothing and footwear are clean when moving between farms. In some regions, vaccination may be used as a preventive measure, especially in areas where the disease is endemic.

Foot and Mouth is a notifiable disease ‼️

If you suspect Foor and Mouth, you must report it immediately by calling:

  • 03000 200 301 in England
  • 03003 038 268 in Wales
  • your local Field Services Office in Scotland

Foot and Mouth is a notifiable disease. This means if you do not report it, you’re breaking the law.