Hypothermia
Hypothermia is a condition where a sheep's body temperature drops below the normal range. This is particularly common in newborn lambs who are vulnerable to cold weather, especially if they are wet or have not been fed adequately. Understanding how to identify, treat, and prevent hypothermia can save many lambs' lives and ensure a healthy flock.
Symptoms and Diagnosis 🩺
Hypothermia in lambs can be categorized based on their body temperature:
- Normal healthy lamb: 39–40°C
- Mild hypothermia: 37–39°C - Lambs may still follow their dams but might not attempt to suck.
- Severe hypothermia: Below 37°C - Lambs become lethargic, unable to lift their heads, and may become comatose.
Symptoms to watch for include lethargy, disinclination to follow the mother, and in severe cases, the lamb may be flat and unresponsive. If the body temperature falls below 20°C, it can be fatal.
Treatment 💊
Immediate Actions
The treatment depends on the lamb's temperature and age:
- For lambs less than 5 hours old: Dry the lamb with a towel, warm it to above 37°C, then give colostrum (50 ml/kg). Continue warming until the lamb reaches 39°C and then return it to the dam.
- For lambs over 5 hours old: Treat hypoglycemia first by passing a stomach tube and delivering colostrum. If the lamb is not conscious enough to swallow, inject 10 ml/kg of 20% glucose solution into the abdomen. Then dry and warm the lamb.
Warming Techniques
Use a warming box or a heat lamp to gradually raise the lamb's body temperature. Ensure the lamb is dry before warming to prevent further heat loss.
Prevention 🛡️
Before Lambing
- Ensure ewes are well-fed during pregnancy, especially in the second and third trimesters, to give birth to healthy lambs with adequate energy reserves.
- Provide adequate shelter for ewes and newborn lambs to protect them from wind and rain.
At Lambing
- Ensure lambs receive colostrum within the first few hours of birth as it is their primary energy source.
- Dry lambs immediately after birth to prevent heat loss.
Skilled Shepherding
Close monitoring and quick intervention are crucial. Skilled shepherding can detect early signs of hypothermia and take prompt action to treat and prevent it.