Pasteurellosis
Pasteurellosis is a significant disease in sheep caused by bacteria from the Pasteurellaceae family, primarily Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi. These bacteria are commonly found in the respiratory tract of healthy sheep but can cause severe illness under certain conditions. The disease can manifest as pneumonia, septicaemia, or mastitis, leading to substantial economic losses in the sheep industry.
Symptoms and diagnosis of Pasteurellosis 🩺
Symptoms
The symptoms of pasteurellosis can vary depending on the form of the disease:
- Pneumonic Pasteurellosis: Sudden onset of depression, lethargy, inappetence, increased breathing rate with abdominal effort, fever (>40.5°C), and sometimes sudden death. In terminal stages, frothy fluid may be seen around the mouth.
- Systemic Pasteurellosis: Often results in sudden death, particularly in lambs aged 6-10 months. Affected sheep may show severe depression, dyspnoea, and frothy fluid around the mouth.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is primarily based on clinical signs and post-mortem findings. In cases of pneumonia, the lungs are often heavy, swollen, and purple-red, with blood-stained froth in the airways. Bacterial culture and microscopic examination of lung tissue can confirm the presence of the bacteria.
How to treat Pasteurellosis in sheep 💊
Early detection and rapid treatment are crucial for managing pasteurellosis. Antibiotics such as oxytetracycline are commonly prescribed, but it's essential to seek veterinary advice for the appropriate treatment plan. Anti-inflammatory treatments may also be recommended to reduce symptoms.
How to prevent Pasteurellosis in sheep 🛡️
Minimizing Stress
Stress is a significant trigger for pasteurellosis outbreaks. Minimizing stress through proper management practices, such as avoiding overcrowding, ensuring adequate ventilation, and providing proper nutrition, can help reduce the risk.
Vaccination
Vaccination is an effective way to prevent pasteurellosis. A primary course of two injections followed by annual boosters is recommended. Vaccines are available that protect against multiple serotypes of Mannheimia haemolytica and Bibersteinia trehalosi. Consult with your vet to establish the best vaccination schedule for your flock.
Isolation and Biosecurity
Isolate incoming sheep and those showing signs of pasteurellosis to prevent the spread of the disease. Implementing a robust biosecurity plan can help protect your flock from outbreaks.
Environmental Management
Ensure proper ventilation and drainage in housing facilities to reduce the risk of respiratory infections. Regularly monitor and treat for parasites to maintain overall flock health.
Conclusion
Pasteurellosis is a serious disease that can cause significant losses in sheep flocks. By understanding the symptoms, seeking prompt treatment, and implementing effective prevention strategies, you can protect your sheep and maintain a healthy flock.