Toxaemia in sheep
Pregnancy toxaemia, also known as twin lamb disease or ketosis, is a common metabolic disorder in sheep, particularly affecting ewes carrying multiple fetuses. This condition arises when the energy demands of the growing fetuses exceed the energy intake of the ewe, leading to a negative energy balance. It's most prevalent in the last six weeks of pregnancy and can have serious consequences if not managed properly.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Toxaemia 🩺
Early signs of pregnancy toxaemia include ewes separating from the flock, reluctance to move, and a lack of awareness of their surroundings. As the condition progresses, symptoms such as depression, muscle twitching, and recumbency may appear. In severe cases, ewes may become comatose and die if untreated. Diagnosis is often based on clinical signs and can be confirmed by measuring blood levels of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BOHB), with levels above 1.6 mmol/l indicating severe energy deficiency.
Treatment of Toxaemia 💊
Treatment should begin as soon as possible to be effective. Options include administering propylene glycol, intravenous glucose, and glucocorticoids. However, the success rate is relatively low, with only about 30% of ewes responding if they are still able to walk when treatment starts. In some cases, inducing parturition or performing a Caesarean section may be necessary to save the ewe.
Prevention of Toxaemia 🛡️
Preventing pregnancy toxaemia involves ensuring that ewes receive adequate nutrition throughout pregnancy, especially in the final weeks. This includes providing high-quality roughage and supplementary concentrates. Monitoring body condition scores and adjusting feed accordingly can help prevent the onset of the disease. Additionally, separating ewes into feeding groups based on their nutritional needs can ensure they receive the appropriate diet.
Conclusion
Pregnancy toxaemia is a serious condition that requires prompt attention and management. By ensuring proper nutrition and monitoring, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of this disease in their flocks. Always consult with a veterinarian for the best management practices tailored to your specific flock needs.